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Referencing at Birmingham Newman

All you need to know about Referencing and where you can get more help

Changes to Newman Harvard referencing style from 1 September 2025

Following a consultation with academic staff in Spring 2025, and the publication of the 13th edition of Cite them right in July, we have made changes to the Newman Harvard referencing style.

You will find a summary of the changes below, but full details have been added to the relevant parts of this guide. You should follow this new guidance from the start of the new Academic Year 2025-26.

Reference lists: changes to formatting

Books, e-books and published printed documents (e.g. printed government reports)

You no longer need to put the place of publication in your reference list entries for these sources.

For example:

Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2025) Cite them right. 13th edn. Bloomsbury.

instead of:

Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2025) Cite them right. 13th edn. London: Bloomsbury.

AI-generated sources

We have revised our referencing guidance to match Cite them right. There are now different examples to use depending on:

  • whether the content was generated by you or another person/organisation
  • if the content generated by you is available for others to view

Changes to in-text citation style

Using 'ibid.' for repeated citations

Students are often confused when two consecutive in-text citations are to the same source. Some referencing styles use the term 'ibid.' for repeated citations. 'Ibid.' is a shortening of a Latin word that means "in the same place".

Using 'ibid.' can save on citation word counts and also may make it clearer for students that two or more consecutive citations to the same course is allowed.

With the permission of your module leader, you may now use 'ibid.' in your in-text citations. However you must be consistent, and follow the full guidance on the In-text citations: guide and examples page.

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